Every class has a teacher who prepares the class carefully, and it is inseparable from it.Lesson plan。

The lesson plan is a teaching plan prepared by teachers before teaching. It is a guidance and organizational plan for educators to lead students to analyze, explore, process, and integrate knowledge and information. It is also a learning strategy for student groups to explore the mysteries of knowledge and pursue a better future.，Its starting point and place of residence are for students.

so，How to make the lesson plan more perfect?Let's get to know each other~

1. Overview of lesson plan design

A perfect lesson plan must be doneThe following points：

reflectTeaching ideas

HighlightTeaching design

Use selectivelyMultimedia teaching

Performance teachingReflective consciousness

2. Seven principles of lesson plan preparation

Highlight teaching principles

When preparing for classes and writing lesson plans, teachers must be guided by new teaching ideas and control the classroom in a macro manner. Or, in the lesson plan, you must be able toReflects the advanced teaching philosophy of teachers。 The essence of teaching is to help studentsProcess, transform and create knowledge。

(1)Student-oriented, Pay attention to allowing students to use their mouths, brains, and hands-on in the classroom, and pay attention to the development of students' potential, ability cultivation, intelligence development, and personality development.

(2)While imparting knowledge，Emphasize that students form a proactive learning attitude, And make the process of acquiring knowledge and skills a process of learning to learn and forming correct values.

(3)The lesson plan should reflect the four factors of teachers, students, teaching materials, and teaching environmentContinuous dialogue and communication, Students are no longer a warehouse of knowledge.

Let them participate more in knowledge in classThe process of occurrence, the process of thinking, the process of creation。

Scientific principles

A good lesson plan must firstDeduct this according to the plan, withScientific。 The so-called scientific compliance means that teachers should seriously implement curriculum standards and follow the inherent laws of teaching materials.，Combine students' actualTo determine the teaching goals, priorities, and difficulties, design the teaching process, and avoid intellectual errors.

Innovative principles

The teaching materials are fixed and cannot be changed at will. How the classes are taught depends on the wisdom and talents of the teachers. On the basis of studying teaching materials, teachers should extensively dabble in a variety of teaching reference materials, and consult experienced old teachers. At the same time, they cannot copy the experience of others.Think deeplyDigest and absorb the experience of others on the basis of，Combined with personal experience, cleverly conceived, carefully arranged, and written a balanced and personalized lesson plan.

Principle of differentiation

Since everyone's knowledge, experience, expertise, and personality are very different, and teaching work is a creative work, writing lesson plans cannot be a fixed model on the side of thousands of people, but a fixed model on the side of thousands of people.Have your own unique personality characteristics。

Principle of operability

The lesson plan is a kind of plan for teachers to take classes, which is equivalent to the construction drawings, soMust be usable and easy to operate。 This requires candidates to start from actual needs when writing lesson plans，The rules are simple, the rules are simple, and the rules are complicated.

Principle of variability

It often appears in the teaching processDeviation from the preset of the lesson planAt this time, teachers should change their original teaching plans and methods according to the actual situation, inspire students' thinking, and actively guide them to suspicious points.Avoid death deduction lesson planCombat students' enthusiasm for thinking. This requires candidates to prepare for the course.Fully take into account the questions that students may ask while studying, and designed countermeasures for these problems.

The principle of leaving blank in the lesson plan

Leave the lesson plan blank, Refers to the teaching caseOpenness and flexibility。 Specifically, the writing of the lesson plan should not be too detailed in content, too trivial in form, and too closed and stylized in structure.It is necessary to reflect the summary of the content, the ambiguity of the form, and the uncertainty of the structure.

Such a lesson plan can form a special kind of lesson preparation and classroom teaching.tension, It is conducive to teachers to maintain a broad thinking and open concept in teaching, it is easier to incorporate new content, adapt to new situations, and change the original design at any time to achieve classroom teaching.Ecology。

3. The basic content of the lesson plan

Subject：The topic of this class.

Subject type：That means it belongs to a new class, a review class, an experimental class, an practice class, etc.

Class hours：That is, the schedule of class hours should be based on the weight of the textbook and the student's ability to accept it, and the distribution of teaching content in each class hour should bePay attention to science, Pay attention to the reasonable distribution of key difficulties, highlight key points and disperse difficulties.

Teaching goals：The teaching goal is also called the teaching requirement, which is to explain the teaching tasks to be completed in this class. It is a plan of action for teaching in a textbook. It must be written well.Specific, clear, appropriate and moderate。

Teaching focus：That is to say, the key problems that must be solved in this lesson are the content that the textbook focuses on guiding students to master in order to achieve the teaching goals.

Teaching difficulties：That is, the knowledge points that are prone to difficulties and obstacles in the study of this lesson, that is, the places where students are not easy to understand and master in the textbook.

Teaching preparation：That is, it shows the tools used in auxiliary teaching methods. such asTeaching aids, multimedia, classesPieces, etc.

Teaching process：That is, the content, methods and steps of teaching. There is no fixed format for the arrangement of the teaching process, but there are certain rules, and it is required that the arrangement be appropriate and reasonable.Teach according to students' cognitive laws。

Board book design：That is, the content to be written on the blackboard during class. The board book requires to haveScientific, holistic, and organized.

Teaching reflection：It is the teacher's implementation of the teaching design after the class is over.summary。

04

The type of lesson plan design and the main points of writing

The type of lesson plan design depends on the classtypeandstructure。

The types of classes areTwo division methods：

One is to divide according to the task of teaching, Can be divided into new classes, consolidation classes, skills classes, and inspection classes.The other is to divide according to the main teaching methods used, Can be divided into teaching classes, demonstration classes, practice classes, experimental classes, and review classes.

The structure of the class is determined by the type of class. Different types of classes have different structures, so the corresponding types of lesson plans are also different.

usually，By class typeThe lesson plan can be divided into: New teaching lesson plans, review lesson plans, experimental lesson plans, inspection lesson plans. In the same type of class. Lesson plan oftenDue to its different application functions, it is divided into: Detailed lesson plans (hereinafter referred to as lesson plans), tabular lesson plans (hereinafter referred to as brief cases), and classroom recorded lesson plans (hereinafter referred to as actual cases).

5. The content and functions of various types of lesson plans

Classification by class type

(1) New teaching plan

The main content of the new teaching plan is to propose the teaching goals of the new course and grasp the teaching of new knowledge.Depth, breadth, focus, difficulty。 Its main task is to complete the transfer of new knowledge.

(2) Review lesson plan

The main content of the review lesson plan is to put forward the scope and requirements of the review. Its main task is to help and guide students to consolidate their existing knowledge and integrate the knowledgeSystematization and networking。

(3) Experimental lesson plan

The main content of the experimental lesson plan isPropose specific content and requirements for cultivating skills and skills。 Its main task is for teachers to complete demonstration operations and explain the principles of experiments, guide students to conduct experiments independently, cultivate students' skills, skills and rigorous scientific attitude, and master basicSubject experiment operation method。

(4) Check the lesson plan

The main content of the inspection lesson plan is to propose an inspection (ieFormative evaluation, diagnostic evaluation, and final evaluation) Specific goals and requirements. Its main task is to check and understand the actual situation of students' learning, and formulate for the next stage.Highly targetedAnd an effective teaching design plan to pave the way.

Classification by application function

(1) Detailed lesson plan

The main content of the detailed lesson plan is the subject, class time, teaching objectives, key difficulties of teaching, teaching methods, teaching aids (including learning aids), teaching process (including feedback test questions, etc.), board book content, supplementary extracurricular knowledge, the convergence of knowledge points before and after the textbook, etc., focusing on grasping the depth and breadth of the textbook. itsMain taskYes：

①The teacher completes the textbookDepth and breadthgrasp;

②Through years of course preparation, a large amount of information is collected and collated, and new knowledge and progress on the same issue are constantly supplemented, and teachers' work is completed at the same time.Knowledge update。

(2) Tabular lesson Plan

Tabular lesson plans are mostly suitable for experienced old teachers. Its main contents are topics, class hours, teaching objectives, key points and difficulties of teaching, teaching aids (including learning aids), teaching procedures (the sequence of operations of all teaching aids, the specific operation process of teaching methods, and the specific operation process guided by the learning method), and the design of the board book, focusing on the teaching method and the learning method.Specific operation。

(3) Classroom record lesson Plan

Classroom recorded lesson plans are mostly used for high-quality class selection, open classes, etc. It is the product of teaching reform and teaching research, and it is a schedule or record of the specific implementation of the teaching process by teachers in the classroom. Its main contents include topics, class hours, teaching objectives, key points and difficulties of teaching, teaching aids (including learning aids), teaching process, board book design, etc., focusing on the teaching process.Specific securityRow。

Among them, the introduction, the transition of knowledge, the key teaching methods, the guidance of difficult learning methods, the selection and use of teaching aids, etc. will reflect the teaching characteristics of teachers, the awareness of teaching reform and the specific practices of teaching reform. itsMain taskYes：

①Provide reference materials for leaders at all levels and teachers of all kinds to listen and evaluate classes;

②Provide learning materials for teachers to learn from each other, exchange experiences, and carry out teaching reform and research.

6. Main points for the preparation of common lesson plans

New teaching

(1) Do a good job in the transition and convergence of all aspects of teaching

①Well designedReview and quote lessonsThe content of

Grasp the connection between old and new knowledge, Or tap into the common sense of students in their daily lives related to the content of this lesson, based on old knowledge or actual life, design and ask appropriate questions to make students aware of the importance and necessity of learning new knowledge, arouse their interest in learning, so as toEnable students to transition to the new course of study in a prepared and natural manner.

Therefore, in the plan, what kind of questions to ask in the new class time, the various situations that may arise when students answer them, and what kind of questions to ask in response to different situations, or what key language to use to guide them, how to smoothly and cleverly transition to the content of the new class, etc., should beReflect it specifically and clearlyTo facilitate the implementation of teaching.

②Specify the content of the new grantLogical level

The introduction of new concepts and the acquisition of new laws should all be followedThe principle of step-by-step, The learned concepts that must be mastered to elicit new concepts and the thinking procedures for eliciting new concepts should be succinctly written on the plan. In addition, the connotation and extension of new concepts and laws need to be emphasizedKey points, and its application inIssues to pay attention toEtc., it should also be reflected in the plan to pave the way for the use of new knowledge and the consolidation of the summary.

Consolidation summary, Appropriate methods and problems should be designed so that students can grasp the ins and outs of knowledge and systematically understand knowledge. The design problems in the summary should beEnable students to hook up the new knowledge they have learned with the old knowledge, or foreshadow follow-up learning.

(2) Specify effective measures to facilitate breaking through difficulties

In the plan, it should be clearly written outWhat is the difficulty of this lesson?andMeasures and methods to break through difficulties。 For example, for knowledge that is abstract in concept and students lack perceptual understanding, what examples need to be cited, when and what demonstration experiments should be done. Prompt students to pay attention to what to observe; for textbook knowledge that contradicts students' life experience, specific analysis of which issues need to be borrowed, and how to guide students to understand the laws of knowledge from different aspects, etc. Should be provided in writing. Outline.

Review class

(1) Clear goals and ask questions

The review class should enable students to form a complete structure in knowledge, methods, and abilities, and realize a leap in rationality. Therefore, in addition to clearly stating the level of knowledge of the content being reviewed, the lesson plan should also indicate the content proposed on the basis of a comprehensive summary of the textbook.New question, Write down the common mistakes, skills, skills, etc. that middle school students often make during this period of study.InsufficientSo that during class canAccurately review the deficiencies in students' learning。

(2) Take the right medicine and implement remedial measures

In the review class, the teacher willFor the problems in students' learning, Take appropriate remedial measures. When preparing for the exam, candidates should specify the content that is more theoretical, with more new concepts and new terms.Review outlineTo help students straighten out the knowledge system; for similar concepts and laws that are easy to confuse, specific ones should be designed on the plan.Comparison form, To help students compare memories.

Experimental class

(1) Specify the requirements

It must be stated in the planQuestions for pre-class preparation, Such as the purpose, principle, method, steps of the experiment and the precautions for using the instrument, so that students can have an understanding of these issues. In addition, some experiments must be written clearlyProcessing of experimental data and analysis of experimental resultsand other requirements.

(2) Write out the problems that are prone to occur in the experiment and how to deal with them

What may occur when students operate the instrumentproblem, Various non-system factors (temperature, humidity, electromagnetic interference, etc.) may have an impact on the experiment.impact, etc., and in response to the above situationTreatment method, Should be clearly stated in the plan to facilitate timely handling of problems that arise when students conduct experiments to ensure the success of the experiment.